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acceleration active investing added value AI alternative investments asset classes austerity measures authoritarian governments baby boom baseline capitalism carbon border tax carbon emissions carbon footprint carbon intensity carbon neutrality carbon risk carbon tax carbon-neutral economy carbon-neutrality career central banks choices circular economy climate change climate commitments climate crisis CO2 emissions collateral commercial paper market commodities concentrated markets contingency plan contrarian corona crisis coronavirus coronavirus crisis countermeasures covid crisis covid economy crises crisis crypto currencies currencies debt burden debt structures decision-making defence industry defence policy defence technology degrowth democracy demographic trends demography dependency ratio depression derivatives development digital money digitalisation dilution disease monitoring system diversification Draghi ECB economic competition economic development economic growth economic policy economic system economy effective treatment electricity exchanges emergency measures employment figures energy export energy exports energy imports energy prices energy war environmental policy equity market equity markets escalation ESG EU EU elections euribor Europe exchange rates expected returns external borrowing FAAMG Fed financial crisis financial market financial markets financial stability Finnish Centre for Pensions (ETK) fiscal policy fixed income investments fixed-income investments forecasting fossil fuels free trade funding ratio funds GDP geopolitics global trade globalisation globalization government debt government finances green growth green technology green transition Growth healthcare systems hedge funds illiquid assets increase in prices indebtedness index investing index weighting indices inflation Innovations institutional investor institutional investors interest level interest rate interest rate level interest rates internal market international trade investment investment beliefs investment environment investment returns investment risk investments investments contribution approach joint debt Kauppalehti level of risk liberalism long-term return low-carbon economy market crash market economy market forces market interest rate market movements market portfolio market rallies market reaction markets megatrends miracle momentum monetary policy ownership policy pandemic pension investments pension investors pension liability pension promise pension system pension systems planning political decision-making portfolio structure positive side effect predatory traders pre-funding preparedness presidential elections price fall private equity private markets protectionism real estate investment real estate investments real estate market real estate sector rearmament recession regulation renewable energy renewable natural resources rescue packages responsibility restrictions retirement retirement age returns on investments risk bearer risk level risk management risk profile Russia sanctions scenarios security investments short squeeze sovereign debt spill-over effect stagflation state state ownership stimulation stimulation packages stock exchange stock market stock markets stock prices stock-exchange markets stocks strategic allocation strategic autonomy strategy success support measures supportive actions sustainability target retirement age taxation taxes technology the leading powers The United States timeframe for liabilities timing totalitarianism transition risk Trump trumponomics uncertainty venture capital virus war war of aggression wealth welfare state